fa Tumor-associated macrophages and the profile of inflammatory cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma پاتولوزی دهان، فک و صورت Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology پژوهشي Research <p> <strong>Objective</strong></p><p>  To evaluate and characterize macrophage populations (M1/M2) in the tumor microenvironment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). The relationship between macrophages and clinicopathological factors, such as survival data, lymph node metastasis, tumoral proliferation, and WHO histological grading are also analyzed. </p><p> <strong>Materials and methods</strong></p><p>  The samples consisted of surgically excised specimens from patients with non-metastatic and metastatic OCSCC and normal oral mucosa (control). Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate macrophage populations and the expression of pro- (IL-12, IL-23, and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. The level required for statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. </p><p> <strong>Results</strong></p><p>  The data showed a predominance of M2 phenotype (high percentage of IL-10+TGF-β+) macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of OCSCC. A higher percentage of macrophages expressing TGF-β was seen in the OCSCC group when compared with healthy individuals. The assessment of mRNA expression also presented a greater expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGFβ and IL10 in OCSCC when compared with the control group. The percentage of macrophages, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, was significantly higher in the metastatic OCSCC group than in the non-metastatic and control groups. The log-rank test also showed that the mean survival time for patients with high levels of macrophages was less (44months) when compared with patients with a low percentage of such cells (93months). </p><p> <strong>Conclusion</strong> </p><p> A predominance of the M2 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment of OCSCC could contribute to local immunosuppression, via TGF-β production, and consequently greater lymph node involvement and reduced patient survival time. </p><hr><p></p><p> <strong>Source: </strong>Journal of Oral Oncology</p><p> <a href="http://www.oraloncology.com/article/S1368-8375(12)00315-6/abstract" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff">Full Text</font></a></p> Macrophages, Cytokines, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-23, Interferon-gamma, Transforming growth factor beta, Oral cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma 0 0 http://idai.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-2448&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Nadia Lago Costa 100319475328460011634 100319475328460011634 Yes Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil Marize Campos Valadares 100319475328460011635 100319475328460011635 No Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil Pedro Paulo Chaves Souza 100319475328460011636 100319475328460011636 No Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil Elismauro Francisco Mendonça 100319475328460011637 100319475328460011637 No Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil José Carlos Oliveira 100319475328460011638 100319475328460011638 No Division of Head and Neck, Araújo Jorge Hospital, Goiás Combat Cancer Association, Goiânia, Brazil Tarcíla Aparecida Silva 100319475328460011639 100319475328460011639 No Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Aline Carvalho Batista 100319475328460011640 100319475328460011640 No Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil