fa Smoking as a risk factor for oral candidiasis in HIV-infected adults بیماری های دهان Oral Medicine پژوهشي Research <p> <strong>Objective </strong></p><p> We aimed to examine if smoking is an independent predictor of oral candidiasis (OC) among HIV-1 infected persons. </p><p> <strong>Methods</strong></p><p>  The cross-sectional part of this study evaluated 631 adult dentate HIV-1 seropositive persons examined for OC from 1995–2000 at the University of North Carolina Hospitals in Chapel Hill, NC. In the second part, from the above sample, a total of 283 individuals who were free of HIV-associated oral diseases at baseline were followed up for 2 years to assess incident OC events. Data collected from medical record review, interview questionnaires, and clinical examinations were analyzed using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Logistic regression models were developed for prevalent OC employing the likelihood ratio test, whereas Poisson regression models were developed for assessing cumulative incidence of OC. These models included a variety of independent variables to adjust for confounding. </p><p> <strong>Results</strong></p><p>  Thirteen percent of participants had OC only 4.6% had OC with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia and 69.7% had neither. Smoking was associated with OC in all models [prevalent OC – current smokers: logistic regression – Odd ratio (95% CI) = 2.5 (1.3, 4.8) Incident OC – current smokers: Poisson regression (main effects model) – Incidence rate ratio (95% CI) = 1.9 (1.1, 3.8)]. Other Poisson regression models suggested evidence for effect modification between CD4 cell count and incident OC by smoking. </p><p> <strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>  Smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of OC in HIV-1 infected persons, and the risk of OC is modified by CD4 cell count which measures strength of the immune system. </p><hr><p></p><p> <strong>Source: </strong>Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine</p><p> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jop.12019/abstract" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff">Full Text</font></a></p> 0 0 http://idai.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-2252&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Amit Chattopadhyay Amit.Chattopadhyay@nih.gov 100319475328460010631 100319475328460010631 Yes Office of Science Policy and Analysis, NIH-NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA Lauren L Patton 100319475328460010632 100319475328460010632 No Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA