fa Synthesized Pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis and autophagy in human oral squamous carcinoma cells پاتولوزی دهان، فک و صورت Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology پژوهشي Research <p> <strong>Background: </strong> Pheophorbide a (Pa) is a chlorine-based photosensitizer derived from an ethnopharmacological herb, and our group recently synthesized Pa by the removal of a magnesium ion and a phytyl group from chlorophyll-a. In this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with synthesized Pa was examined in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. </p><p> <strong>Methods: </strong> Cells were treated with PDT with Pa, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential [ΔΨ (m)] were examined. Apoptosis was measured using annexin V staining and immunoblot. Autophagy was characterized by the increase in LC3B-II and the formation of autophagosome and acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs). </p><p> <strong>Results:</strong>  Pa-PDT inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pa-PDT increased the number of apoptotic cells by inactivating ERK pathway. Pa-PDT also induced autophagy in OSCC cells evidenced by the increased levels of LC3 type II expression and the accumulation of AVOs. The inhibition of autophagy enhanced Pa-PDT-mediated cytotoxicity through an increase in necrosis. </p><p> <strong>Conclusions:</strong>  These results suggest that synthesized Pa-PDT exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and provide novel evidence that Pa-PDT induces autophagy, and autophagy inhibition enhances Pa-PDT-mediated necrosis in OSCC cells. </p><hr><p></p><p> <strong>Source: </strong>Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine</p><p><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01187.x/abstract" target="_blank"><font color="#0000ff"> Full Text</font></a></p> apoptosis;autophagy;necrosis;oral sqaumous cell carcinoma;synthesized Pa-PDT 0 0 http://idai.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-2211&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mee Young Ahn ahnsg@chosun.ac.kr 100319475328460010421 100319475328460010421 Yes Department of Pathology, Research Center for Oral disease Regulation of the Aged, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Hyo-Eun Yoon 100319475328460010422 100319475328460010422 No Department of Pathology, Research Center for Oral disease Regulation of the Aged, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Seong-Min Kwon 100319475328460010423 100319475328460010423 No Department of Pathology, Research Center for Oral disease Regulation of the Aged, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Jun Lee 100319475328460010424 100319475328460010424 No Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea Seung-Ki Min 100319475328460010425 100319475328460010425 No Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea Yung-Chul Kim 100319475328460010426 100319475328460010426 No Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea Hoon Yoon 100319475328460010427 100319475328460010427 No Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea